The prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is rapidly increasing in developing societies, posing a significant public health threat. But not everyone with NAFLD develops the more advanced form of the disease, where the fat deposition is accompanied by severe inflammation and scarring of the liver. In this presentation, Auinash Kalsotra will describe the identification of a molecular trigger that confers susceptibility to liver injury. He will also discuss previously unexplored genetic mechanisms that may be driving end-stage liver disease in humans.